Peak flow
Design should account for diurnal variation and hydraulic peaks, not only average daily flow.
Industrial water treatment
STP Plant Manufacturer
Reliable sewage treatment starts with correct hydraulic loading, biological conditions and routine monitoring—not just installing a standard tank arrangement.
Engineering approach
Design around flow and biology
Sewage quality varies with occupancy, hydraulic peak factors, infiltration and operating habits. Biological treatment performance depends on aeration, sludge age, MLSS, DO and nutrient balance, while final water quality may require filtration and disinfection.
Process flow
Typical STP treatment flow
1Screening
2Equalisation
3Biological treatment
4Secondary clarification
5Filtration
6Disinfection
7Treated-water reuse / discharge
Design & operating considerations
Aeration
Air delivery and DO control are central to stable biological oxidation.
Sludge
Return and wasting strategies affect MLSS, settling and treatment stability.
Reuse
Filtration and disinfection should be matched to the intended reuse application.
Applications
- Hotels and institutions
- Residential developments
- Hospitals and facilities
- Commercial buildings
- Factories with domestic sewage
Support
Support can include erection, commissioning, biological seeding guidance, troubleshooting, operator checklists and AMC.
Final equipment configuration, chemical dosing and operating targets should be based on actual water analysis, plant load and applicable discharge/process requirements.
Technical resource
Detailed engineering guide
Use the expanded STP manual for biological process fundamentals, monitoring, operating checks and troubleshooting.
Open technical guideFrequently asked questions
What causes odour in an STP?
Common causes include septic conditions, inadequate aeration, overloaded or poorly mixed zones, excessive solids accumulation and poor sludge handling.
Can treated STP water be reused?
Reuse depends on final water quality, the receiving application and applicable local requirements. Tertiary filtration and disinfection are often used for higher-quality reuse.
How should an STP be maintained?
Routine checks should cover flow, pH, DO, MLSS, sludge wasting, blower operation, settling behaviour, filtration and disinfection performance.